Tuesday, September 30, 2008

分享集:打工仔的生天

冯时能(股票研究人)

打工仔的最大期望,是获得年功加俸,其次是年终获得更多花红。


这样的期望,是再正常不过。

为了达成这个期望,他们全力以赴,把全部时间和精力,倾注在工作上,希望他们的工作表现,受到赏识,从而获升级,更高的加薪,更多的花红,从而改善生活。

这样做没有错,实际上身为员工,竭尽所能,为公司服务,也是应尽的本份。

问题是在通货膨胀的压力下,单靠薪金收入,要改善生活,提升生活素质,难乎其难。

“提襟见肘”是大部份打工仔的写照。

在七除八扣之后,每个月所能储蓄的款项很有限。

如果这有限的款项,又长期存放在银行,收取低微的利息的话,要打破贫穷的桎梏,简直是难如登天。

要兼职赚取外快吗?多数公司不允许员工这样做,以免影响他们的工作表现;况且人的精力有限,要做好一份工作已不容易,再找一份兼职,简直是精力透支,精神上和体力上都难以应付,所以,兼职是走不通的。

钱不够用,兼职行不通,是大部份打工仔所面对的困境。

他们就这样无可奈何地生活下去,对人生,有一份无力感。

要突破这个困境,不是不可能,但第一要有守纪律的精神,第二要有为一个终极目标的决心。

改善财务状况

首先,打工仔一定要记住,要改善你的财务状况,要在晚年有生活保障,要让儿女受良好的教育,单靠薪金收入是无法做到的。

除了极少数身居高职者外,総大部份受薪者都难以改善生活,都无法提升生活素质--除非你学习投资,学习投资就是学习如何让别人替你赚钱。

靠自己的精力去赚钱,精力有限,收入也就有限。有限的收入,如何能应付无穷无尽的通胀压力?

这简直是螳臂挡车。

靠别人的力量替我‘赚钱’,潜能无限。

所有富人的钱,都是别人替他赚的,这个别人,就是受薪者,就是你!

请别误会,以为我指受薪者受到剥削。“剥削”已是一个过时的名词,在我们的先辈以卖猪仔的身份漂洋过海的时代,员工受到剥削的情况是存在的,在工商百业兴盛的当代,老板需要员工多过员工需要老板,劳资双方公平交易,劳工受到劳工法令的保护,剥削的问题根本不存在,这也是“工会”有式微趋向的原因。

受薪者没有受到剥削,不等于受薪者能单靠薪金致富。

要致富,需投资。

投资是学习如何靠别人替我们赚钱,如何通过钱赚钱而累积财富。

赚钱的方式很多,做生意是最多人从事的行业。

最好的方法,当然是亲自“下海”,因为你掌握自己的命运。

若无此能耐,退而求其次,是搭顺风车。

搭顺风车是因为你没有能力买车。

例如你要从事银行业,既没有执照,没有资本,没有才干,所以,你没有条件从事银行业。

但你知道,只要经营得好,银行业可赚大钱。

惟一的,而且是现成的途径,就是购买上市银行股票--就是买银行的股份。

你不但可以买本国的,也可以买外国的,如汇丰银行,新加坡发展银行,中国工商银行等优秀银行的股份。

坚持反向投资

只要你坚持反向投资策略,耐心等待,在股价暴跌后买进好的银行股,长期收藏,久久自芬芳。

你不必为你有股份的银行操心,因为有优秀的人才,替你管理,替你赚钱。

你惟一要做的,是做很多的功课,知道什么银行是最好的,在低价时买进,紧握不放。

同样的道理,研究种植股,消费股,工业股,产业股等等,找出最好的上市公司,在股市跌得最惨,在所有的人都悲观时,买进一些,收藏起来,只要有关公司的盈利继续上升,就不卖。

股市每天的波动,是波浪,股市的大趋势,是潮汐,不要理会波浪,只注意潮汐。工作和生活,不要受股价波动的影响。

这样,你的财富会与日俱增。

就这么简单。

认真对待投资,认真做功课。

投机如吸毒,要深恶痛绝!

心动不如行动,现在就开始学习投资!学习,学习,再学习!

Wednesday, September 24, 2008

Berkshire buying $5 billion stake in Goldman Sachs

Does it Shed some light for you???

Buffett's Berkshire buying at least $5 billion stake in Goldman Sachs

OMAHA, Neb. (AP) -- Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is investing at least $5 billion in Goldman Sachs, a huge vote of confidence for one of the survivors of the credit crisis that felled two of its investment banking peers.
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In addition to buying $5 billion in preferred stock, Berkshire also got warrants to buy another $5 billion in Goldman's common stock. Goldman also said late Tuesday it would raise another $2.5 billion in its own public stock offering.

The news sent shares of Goldman Sachs and stock index futures soaring in electronic trading, after the Dow Jones Industrial Average posted a triple-digit decline for the second day in a row.

It also could lead to new probing questions from lawmakers for Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson, a former co-CEO of Goldman Sachs. He and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke told Congress hours earlier that quick action on a $700 billion bailout measure for financial services firms was needed to prevent economic havoc.

Goldman Sachs' shares had been tumbling ahead of the announcement of the government rescue plan last Friday as investors feared it could face the same kinds of funding squeezes as Bear Stearns and Lehman. Now members of Congress have to deal what may look to many taxpayers like Wall Street is already cashing in.

Buffett, one of the most successful investors in history, made no mention of what is happening in Washington, but he did heap praise on the New York-based company.

"Goldman Sachs is an exceptional institution," the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway said in a news release. "It has an unrivaled global franchise, a proven and deep management team and the intellectual and financial capital to continue its track record of outperformance."

Buffett's investment comes two days after Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley, the last two independent investment banks on Wall Street, won approval from the Federal Reserve to change their status to bank holding companies.

By becoming commercial banks, the two companies avoided the fate of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers -- the first taken over in a fire sale and the second now bankrupt -- by giving them broader access to borrow federal money and the ability to build a stable base of deposits.

But it also comes with closer regulatory oversight that likely limit its ability to generate the kinds of sky high profits that were topped by few others companies.

The strict rules set by the Federal Reserve will limit opportunities for big payoffs from what is known as proprietary trading, using borrowed funds to place high-octane bets on everything from the price of oil to currencies and other commodities.

Berkshire's preferred stock in Goldman will pay 10 percent and can be bought back any time at 10 percent premium. The warrants allow Berkshire to buy $5 billion in common stock at $115 per share any time over the next five years.

Goldman's shares rose $4.27, or 3.5 percent, to close at $125.05 Tuesday in the regular trading session, and jumped another $8.46, or 6.8 percent, to $133.20 in after-hours trading following the announcement of Buffett's investment.

Morgan Stanley's shares rose 91 cents, or 3.4 percent, to $28 in the regular session, then soared $3, or 10.7 percent, to $31 in after-hours trading.

Morgan Stanley got its own cash infusion on Monday, agreeing to sell a 20 percent stake for more than $8 billion to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Inc., Japan's largest bank.

Mark Lane, an analyst who follows Goldman for William Blair & Co. in Chicago, said he had expected Goldman and Morgan Stanley to raise capital after getting the Fed's approval to become bank holding companies.

Buffett's investment "sends a pretty strong message of support for the independent-bank business model," Lane said. "It sends a stabilizing signal to the market."

On Sept. 14, the No. 4 investment bank, Lehman Brothers, filed for the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, weighed down by fouled commercial real estate holdings and a loss of faith from investors, and on the same day ailing Merrill Lynch & Co. arranged a hasty deal to be bought by Bank of America Corp.

Wall Street's troubles came as a freeze-up in credit markets threatened to clog the global financial system. The U.S. government arranged an $85 billion loan last week to rescue the huge insurer American International Group Inc. and is seeking approval from Congress to buy back some $700 billion in bad mortgages and other toxic debts from financial institutions.

A message left for a Berkshire spokeswoman seeking further comment on the transaction wasn't immediately returned Tuesday. Berkshire officials do not typically comment on its stock investments beyond what they are legally required to disclose.

A spokeswoman at Goldman Sachs said no one was immediately available to talk about the deal.

At last report, Berkshire had total assets of nearly $278 billion, including significant stakes in companies such as Wells Fargo & Co., American Express and the Washington Post Co.

AP Business Writer Marcy Gordon in Washington contributed to this report.

Monday, September 22, 2008

分享集: 志在股息错不了

冯时能 股票研究人


一般人买股票,志在争取资本增值,对于股息收入,视为可有可无,根本不予以重视,实在是很大的错误。


股票投资的盈利,来自两方面:

第一是资本增值,即股价上升。

第二是股息收入。

增值与股息,好比是人的两条腿,要走得远,走得快,必须两脚一前一后,交替向前跨越,如此走法,千里可至。

若全靠资本增值,等如单脚走路,跳跃向前,难以走远。

故购买没有股息的股票,难以久守。股票投资是购买公司的股份,公司赚钱一年比一年多,股份的价值自然一年比一年高,股东根本不必去担心股价不会上升;然而做生意需要时间,一步一步去完成,不可能一蹴即成。

换句话说,赚钱需要时间,绝无捷径可走,作为公司的股东,你必须耐心地守着你的股份,让公司把生意越做越大,盈利也越滚越大,你的股份才会越来越值钱,你的身家才会水涨船高。故股票投资,惟有能守得久,才能获巨利,若要快速致富,等于揠苗助长,后果适得其反。

买股票既然是参股做生意,作为股东,理应将分享红利,放在第一位,若纯粹以资本增值为投资目标,是属本末倒置。

最理想的,是公司不但每年分发红利,而股份的价值,又与日俱增,两者不但可以并存,而且是相辅相成,高股息的股票,往往增值得比较快,购买这类股票的投资者,视为定期存款,购买时就作好长期投资的心理准备,这使他们在股价崩溃时也不惊慌抛售,故在熊市中,此类高息股的跌幅往往不如无息股之大,在此次熊市中,许多高息股如英美烟草(BAT)、安利(Amway)、健力士(Guiness)、雀巢(Nestle)、星狮(F&N)等跌幅有限,可为明证,股市中人称此类股票为“抗跌股”,乃股市之中流砥柱。

高股息抗跌两大理由

何以高股息抗跌能力如此之强?理由是:

第一、股东都是稳定的投资者,他们放长线钓大鱼,不重视短期的小利,他们要跟公司一齐成长,他们知道,股市是一个不理智的地方,在熊市中,股价被无知者惊慌抛售,价值被低估,但那是短期的,当股市恢复正常时,股价必然会回升至合理的水平,他不会去担心股价的下跌,因为他知道,百变不离其宗,股价波动不管如何激烈,最终必然回到其真实价值上。

短期来说,价值与价格相差可能很大,长期来说,股价与价值是一致的。

第二、股价跌得越低,股息回酬越高,越值得投资,假设股价在5.00令吉时,周息率(股息回酬巴仙率)为8%(投资1千令吉,每年可得80令吉股息),假如股价跌至2.00令吉0.50令吉的话,周息率高达16%,这么高的周息率,不可能没有人购买。

需知投资基金如公积金局、保险公司、单位信托、资产管理公司等,都拥有庞大的资金,不断的寻找投资机会,他们对高股息的好股,虎视眈眈,股价若暴跌,他们不会错过买进的机会,故这类高息股,即使短期下跌,长期必然回升。

明乎此, 散户就应该知道,目前的熊市,提供了一个以合理价格购买高息股的良机,若犹疑不决,一,两年以后,必然后悔!

Wednesday, September 17, 2008

BHP Billiton Preview, Expanding Iron Ore Mine Supply Start

In a US version of its annual report released yesterday, the chairman, Don Argus, expressed disappointment in BHP’s recent share price performance.

BHP shares peaked at a record $49.55 in mid-May but have since fallen 27 per cent, although closing 35c higher at $36.40 yesterday amid a volatile market.

BHP BILLITON has painted a bullish view of the long-term demand for commodities but has warned that expanding iron ore supply is beginning to catch up with demand.

“The 2008 financial year has seen higher average prices for most of our commodities than in the prior year,” the report said. “Demand for raw materials in the emerging market economies has remained strong.”

But it warned increased iron ore supply from itself, Rio Tinto, Brazil’s Vale, Fortescue Metals and Indian suppliers meant the gap between supply and demand was starting to close.

Nevertheless, BHP lowered the cut-off grades on its iron ore reserves. A spokeswoman, Samantha Evans, said the grade sold would not change despite the lower average grade of its reserves: “Our blending strategy enables us to better utilise the resource by including lower-grade material in the same product. It’s as a result of some proprietary mine-planning software.”

Changes in commodity prices over the year meant BHP was able to add to its manganese reserves, but it was forced to slash the expected life of its Mt Keith mine in Western Australia by three years after some of the deeper reserves were rendered uneconomic by the lower nickel price.

BHP’s chief executive, Marius Kloppers, said the $US15.4 billion ($19.6 billion) record annual profit was “outstanding” in the context of a challenging supply environment which included unexpected disruptions, rising costs and a weaker US dollar.

But he added BHP’s safety performance was not acceptable, citing the deaths of 11 workers last year and four since the start of this financial year.

“[This year] we are making even greater efforts to improve our safety performance,” he said.

The report revealed his remuneration had risen to $US6.87 million last year, up from $US4 million the previous year. He was elevated to the top job in October.

The former chief executive, Chip Goodyear, who left the company in January, received $US6.15 million last year, down from $US7.8 million the previous year.

Mr Argus’s remuneration rose to $US920,000 last year, up from $US818,000, maintaining his position as one of Australia’s highest-paid chairmen.





China Energy and Metal Producer CITIC Announce Net Profit Jump, Increase Oil Production And High Metal Prices


The company said in a statement filed with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that revenue in the Jan.-Jun period climbed 83% to hit HK$9.49 billion, compared with HK$5.18 billion. Earnings per share increased to HK$0.984 from HK$0.283.

China’s energy and base metals producer CITIC Resources Holdings Ltd<1205> announced on Monday its net profit jumped almost fourfold in the first half-year ended on June 30 to HK$520.1 million from HK$138.3 million a year earlier, fueled by increased oil output and record high of metal prices.

Thursday, September 11, 2008

China's coke price to fall in line with declined steel price

(www.chinamining.org)
Updated: 2008-09-09 14:07

Coke enterprises in Shanxi, one of China's largest coke producers, began to cut coke price by 100yuan/ton on the ground of the weak demand, the bad performance of steel industry and the increase of coke export tariff.


Coke enterprises had increased coke price for seven times in the first half of 2008, with 3,000 yuan/ton in August, up 100 percent over the early this year.


It's the first time to reduce coke price by 3 percent. Expert sheld that there is room for the decline of price on the concerns of market downturn.


Shanxi Coke Industry Association called on enterprises to limit their production by 40 percent to 50 percent, and to reduce the coke price by 5 percent in August.


After this move, the tax-included price for coke fell to 2,750yuan/ton to 2,850 yuan/ton.


At present, coke sales were stagnated as high coke price hindered the purchase from steel enterprises.


Steel enterprises in Southeast China began to reduce coke purchase price and those in North China still maintained their purchase price.


Coke price would fall in line with the weak demand from steel enterprises and the declined steel price in China's market.

彼得林奇的投资智慧

南洋商报

彼得林奇(Peter Lynch)生于1944年1月19日,是一位卓越的股票投资家和证券投资基金经理。目前他是富达公司(Fidelity Investments)的副主席,富达基金托管人董事会成员之一,现居波士顿。


在彼得林奇出任麦哲伦基金(Magellan Fund)的基金经理人的13年间,麦哲伦基金管理的资产由2000万美元成长至140亿美元,基金投资人超过100万人,成为富达的旗舰基金,基金的年平均复利报酬率达29.2%。

彼得林奇是美国最大的投资基金——麦哲伦基金(Magellan Fund)的基金经理。他从1977年管理麦哲伦基金以来,到1990年麦哲伦基金的价格提高了20多倍,曾被美国《时代》周刊誉为“第一理财家”。

彼得林奇值得借鉴的投资经验是:选择股票要选择高成长的绩优股。通常情况下高成长绩优股的本益比比较高,存在一定的市场风险。

在这种情况下要想从中获利取决于两方面:一方面公司有进一步成长的潜力,进一步的成长是看高股价的信心所在。

另一方面,要具有一定的潜在利好,潜在利好的兑现利于股价的进一步推高。

盈利增长是关键

从高成长的角度,彼得林奇认为,本益比高的公司不一定比本益比低的公司机会小,关键看未来盈利的增长率。如果一家公司呈高速增长,即使是高本益比仍能比本益比低、增长速度较慢的公司获利大。

林奇举了这样一个例子对他的观点进行证实:一家公司目前是20倍的本益比,每股盈利1美元,即股价为20美元,每年以20%的速度发展;另一家公司以10倍的本益比出售,每股盈利1美元,即共10美元,每年以10%的速度发展。

一年以后,第一家公司每股将获利1.20美元,而第二家公司每股获利为1.1美元。十年以后,第一家公司每股盈利达到6.19美元,而且如果它仍以20倍的本益比计算,市场价格应该是123.80美元。

而在此期间,那家利润增长为10%的公司,每股盈利2.85美元,按以10的本益比计算,意味着28.50美元的市场价格,仅为第一家公司的四分之一左右。

账面价值研判

另外的值得借鉴的投资经验是账面价值的研判,彼得林奇认为账面价值常常与公司的实际价值不对等。市场上有时会出现股价低于账面价值的情况,表面上投资者可以以便宜的价钱买到了想要的股票。

但实际上,账面价值常常大大超过或低于股票的实际价值。假定说一家公司的资产为10亿元,负债为8亿元,结果账面价值是2亿元。

假如10亿元的资产在破产拍卖中只能卖得5亿元,那么实际上账面价值就是负3亿元。公司不仅一钱不值,还倒欠不少呢。

投资者在按账面价值购买一种股票时,必须对这些资产到底值多少有一个详细的了解。

喜欢积少成多

彼得林奇喜欢积少成多,即使是很少的利润也不拒绝。他喜欢每天作一些小决定,而不是每年作几个大决定。

他觉得每天作一些小决定所发生的错误损失,要比一下子作几个大决定所发生的错误损失少得多。他认为市场有效率理论是荒唐的。

此外,彼得林奇也采取鲸鱼般的投资方式。鲸鱼先不加选择地、快速地大量地吞食海洋生物,然后通过鲸须选择很少的部分留下来,其余的则排除出去。

林奇在看到投资机会时,也是先买一大批股票,然后经过研究,最终选择一小部分股票继续持有,其余的则全部卖出。

“鸡尾酒会”投资理论

彼得林奇认为,当某一股票市场一度看跌,而同时又无预期其会看涨时,纵使股市略有上升,人们也不愿谈论股票问题,我们称这一时期为第一阶段。

第一阶段:股市或涨

在这一阶段,如果有人慢慢地走过来,问我从事何种职业,而我回答说“我从事共同基金的管理工作”,来人会客气地点一下头,然后扭头离去。假如他没有走,他会迅速地转移话题,讲凯尔特人玩的游戏,即将到来的大选,或者干脆说天气。过一会儿,他会转到牙科医生那儿,说说牙床充血什么的。

当有10个人都情愿与牙医聊聊牙齿保健,而不愿与管理共同基金的人谈股票时,股市就可能涨。

第二阶段:股市涨15%

在第二阶段,在我向搭讪者说明我的职业后,他可能会和我交谈长一点,聊一点股票风险等。人们仍不大愿谈股票,此间股市已从第一阶段上涨了15%,但无人给予重视。

第三阶段:股市涨30%

到了第三阶段,股市已上涨了30%,这时多数的鸡尾酒会参加者都会不理睬牙医,整个晚会都围着我转。

不断有喜形于色的人拉我到一边,向我询问该买什么股票,就连那位牙医也向我提出了同类问题,参加酒会的人都在某种股票上投入了钱,他们都兴致勃勃地议论股市上已经出现的情况。

第四阶段:股市下跌信号

在第四阶段,人们又围在我身边,这次是他们建议我应当买什么股票,向我推荐三四种股票。随后几天,我在报纸上按图索级,发现他们推荐的股票都已经涨过了。当邻居也建议我买什么股票,而我也有意听从时,正是股市已达到峰颠、下跌就要来临的准确信号。

“鸡尾酒会”理论并不是放诸四海而皆准的理论,彼得林奇也提醒人们对这种理论的态度应当是各取所需,切忌盲目迷信。

25条黄金规则

投资是令人激动和愉快的事,但如果不作准备,投资也是一件危险的事情。

投资法宝不是得自华尔街投资专家,它是你已经拥有的。你可以利用自己的经验,投资于你已经熟悉的行业或企业,你能够战胜专家。

过去30年中,股票市场由职业炒家主宰,与公众的观点相反,这个现象使业余投资者更容易获胜,你可以不理会职业炒家而战胜市场。

每支股票背后都是一家公司,去了解这家公司在干什么。

通常,在几个月甚至几年内公司业绩与股票价格无关。但长期而言,两者之间100%相关。这个差别是赚钱的关键,要耐心并持有好股票。

你必须知道你买的是什么以及为什么要买它,“这孩子肯定能长大成人”之类的话不可靠。

远射几乎总是脱靶。

持有股票就像养育孩子,不要超出力所能及的范围。业余人士大概有时间追踪8至12家公司。不要同时拥有5种以上的股票。

如果你找不到一支有吸引力的股票,就把钱存进银行。

永远不要投资于你不了解其财务状况的公司。买股票最大的损失来自于那些财务状况不佳的公司。仔细研究公司的财务报表,确认公司不会破产。

避开热门行业的热门股票。最好的公司也会有不景气的时候,增长停滞的行业里有大赢家。

对于小公司,最好等到它们有利润之后再投资。

如果你想投资麻烦丛生的行业,就买有生存能力的公司,并且要等到这个行业出现复苏的信号时再买进。

如果你用1000元钱买股票,最大的损失就是1000元。但是如果你有足够的耐心,你可以获得1000元甚至5000元的收益。个人投资者可以集中投资几家绩优企业,而基金经理却必须分散投资。持股太多会失去集中的优势,持有几个大赢家终生受益。

在每个行业和每个地区,注意观察的业余投资者都能在职业炒家之前发现有巨大增长潜力的企业。

股市的下跌如科罗拉多州1月份的暴风雪一样是正常现象,如果你有所准备,它就不会伤害你。每次下跌都是大好机会,你可以挑选被风暴吓走的投资者放弃的廉价股票。

每个人都有足够的智力在股市赚钱,但不是每个人都有必要的耐力。如果你每遇到恐慌就想抛掉存货,你就应避开股市或股票基金。

总有一些事情需要操心。不要理会周末的焦虑和媒体最新的危言耸听。卖掉股票是因为公司的基本情况恶化,而不是因为天要塌下来。

没有人能够预测利率、经济形势及股票市场的走向,不要去搞这些预测。集中精力了解你所投资的公司情况。

分析30家公司,你会发现1家基本情况超过预期;分析6家,就能发现5家。在股票市场总能找到意外的惊喜——公司成就被华尔街低估的股票。

如果不研究任何公司,你在股市成功的机会,就如同打牌赌博时,不看自己的牌而打赢的机会一样。

当你持有好公司股票时,时间站在你这一边,你要有耐心——即使你在头5年中错过了沃尔玛特股票,但在下一个5年它仍是大赢家。

如果你有足够的耐性,但却既没有时间也没有能力与精力去自己搞研究,那就投资共同基金吧。这时,分散投资是个好主意,你该持有几种不同的基金:增长型、价值型、小企业型、大企业型等等。投资6家同类共同基金不是分散投资。

在全球主要股票市场中,美国股市过去10年的总回报排名第八。通过海外基金,把一部分投资分散到海外,可以分享其他国家经济快速增长的好处。

长期而言,一个经过挑选的股票投资组合总是胜过债券或货币市场账户,而一个很差的股票投资组合还不如把钱放在坐垫下。

Exclusive Interview: Jim Rogers Predicts Bigger Financial Shocks Loom, Fueling a Malaise That May Last for Years

[The First of Two Parts.]

Keith Fitz-Gerald
Investment Director
Money Morning/The Money Map Report

VANCOUVER, B.C. – The U.S. financial crisis has cut so deep – and the government has taken on so much debt in misguided attempts to bail out such companies as Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE) – that even larger financial shocks are still to come, global investing guru Jim Rogers said in an exclusive interview with Money Morning.

Indeed, the U.S. financial debacle is now so ingrained – and a so-called “Super Crash” so likely – that most Americans alive today won’t be around by the time the last of this credit-market mess is finally cleared away – if it ever is, Rogers said.

The end of this crisis “is a long way away,” Rogers said. “In fact, it may not be in our lifetimes.”

During a 40-minute interview during a wealth-management conference in this West Coast Canadian city last month, Rogers also said that:

U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke should “resign” for the bailout deals he’s handed out as he’s tried to battle this credit crisis.
That the U.S. national debt – the roughly $5 trillion held by the public– essentially doubled in the course of a single weekend because of the Fed-led credit crisis bailout deals.
That U.S. consumers and investors can expect much-higher interest rates – noting that if the Fed doesn’t raise borrowing costs, market forces will make that happen.
And that the average American has no idea just how bad this financial crisis is going to get.
“The next shock is going to be bigger and bigger, still,” Rogers said. “The shocks keep getting bigger because we keep propping things up … [and] bailing everyone out.”

Rogers first made a name for himself with The Quantum Fund, a hedge fund that’s often described as the first real global investment fund, which he and partner George Soros founded in 1970. Over the next decade, Quantum gained 4,200%, while the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index climbed about 50%.


It was after Rogers "retired" in 1980 that the investing masses got to see him in action. Rogers traveled the world (several times), and penned such bestsellers as "Investment Biker" and the recently released "A Bull in China." And he made some historic market calls: Rogers predicted China’s meteoric growth a good decade before it became apparent and he subsequently foretold of the powerful updraft in global commodities prices that’s fueled a year-long bull market in the agriculture, energy and mining sectors.

Rogers’ candor has made him a popular figure with individual investors, meaning his pronouncements are always closely watched. Here are some of the highlights from the exclusive interview we had with the author and investor, who now makes his home in Singapore:

Keith Fitz-Gerald (Q): Looks like the financial train wreck we talked about earlier this year is happening.

Jim Rogers: There was a train wreck, yes. Two or three – more than one, as you know. [U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S.] Bernanke and his boys both came to the rescue. Which is going to cover things up for a while. And then I don’t know how long the rally will last and then we’ll be off to the races again. Whether the rally lasts six days or six weeks, I don’t know. I wish I did know that sort of thing, but I never do.

(Q):What would Chairman Bernanke have to do to “get it right?”

Rogers: Resign.

(Q): Is there anything else that you think he could do that would be correct other than let these things fail?

Rogers: Well, at this stage, it doesn’t seem like he can do it. He could raise interest rates – which he should do, anyway. Somebody should. The market’s going to do it whether he does it or not, eventually.

The problem is that he’s got all that garbage on his balance sheet now. He has $400 billion of questionable assets owing to the feds on his balance sheet. I mean, he could try to reverse that. He could raise interest rates. Yeah, that’s what he could do. That would help. It would cause a shock to the system, but if we don’t have the shock now, the shock’s going to be much worse later on. Every shock, so far, has been worse than the last shock. Bear-Stearns [now part of JP Morgan Chase & Co. (JPM)] was one thing and then it’s Fannie Mae (FNM), you know, and now Freddie Mac (FRE).

The next shock’s going to be even bigger still. So the shocks keep getting bigger because we kept propping things up and this has been going on at least since Long-Term Capital Management. They’ve been bailing everyone out and [former Fed Chairman Alan] Greenspan took interest rates down and then he took them down again after the “dot-com bubble” shock, so I guess Bernanke could try to start reversing some of this stuff.

But he has to not just reverse it – he’d have to increase interest rates a lot to make up for it and that’s not going to solve the problem either, because the basic problems are that America’s got a horrible tax system, it’s got litigation right, left, and center, it’s got horrible education system, you know, and it’s got many, many, many [other] problems that are going to take a while to resolve. If he did at least turn things around – turn some of these policies around – we would have a sharp drop, but at least it would clean out some of the excesses and the system could turn around and start doing better.

But this is academic – he’s not going to do it. But again the best thing for him would be to abolish the Federal Reserve and resign. That’ll be the best solution. Is he going to do that? No, of course not. He still thinks he knows what he’s doing.

(Q): Earlier this year, when we talked in Singapore, you made the observation that the average American still doesn’t know anything’s wrong – that anything’s happening. Is that still the case?

Rogers:Yes.

(Q): What would you tell the “Average Joe” in no-nonsense terms?

Rogers: I would say that for the last 200 years, America’s elected politicians and scoundrels have built up $5 trillion in debt. In the last few weekends, some un-elected officials added another $5 trillion to America’s national debt.

Suddenly we’re on the hook for another $5 trillion. There have been attempts to explain this to the public, about what’s happening with the debt, and with the fact that America’s situation is deteriorating in the world.

I don’t know why it doesn’t sink in. People have other things on their minds, or don’t want to be bothered. Too complicated, or whatever.

I’m sure when the [British Empire] declined there were many people who rang the bell and said: “Guys, we’re making too many mistakes here in the U.K.” And nobody listened until it was too late.

When Spain was in decline, when Rome was in decline, I’m sure there were people who noticed that things were going wrong.

(Q): Many experts don’t agree with – at the very least don’t understand – the Fed’s current strategies. How can our leaders think they’re making the right choices? What do you think?

Rogers: Bernanke is a very-narrow-gauged guy. He’s spent his whole intellectual career studying the printing of money and we have now given him the keys to the printing presses. All he knows how to do is run them.

Bernanke was [on the record as saying] that there is no problem with housing in America. There’s no problem in housing finance. I mean this was like in 2006 or 2005.

(Q): Right.

Rogers: He is the Federal Reserve and the Federal Reserve more than anybody is supposed to be regulating these [financial institutions], so they should have the inside scoop, if nothing else.

(Q): That’s problematic.

Rogers: It’s mind-boggling. Here’s a man who doesn’t understand the market, who doesn’t understand economics – basic economics. His intellectual career’s been spent on the narrow-gauge study of printing money. That’s all he knows.

Yes, he’s got a PhD, which says economics on it, but economics can be one of 200 different narrow fields. And his is printing money, which he’s good at, we know. We’ve learned that he’s ready, willing and able to step in and bail out everybody.

There’s this worry [whenever you have a major financial institution that looks ready to fail] that, “Oh my God, we’re going to go down, and if we go down, the whole system goes down.”

This is nothing new. Whole systems have been taken down before. We’ve had it happen plenty of times.

(Q): History is littered with failed financial institutions.

Rogers: I know. It’s not as though this is the first time it’s ever happened. But since [Chairman Bernanke’s] whole career is about printing money and studying the Depression, he says: “Okay, got to print some more money. Got to save the day.” And, of course, that’s when he gets himself in deeper, because the first time you print it, you prop up Institution X, [but] then you got to worry about institution Y and Z.

(Q): And now we’ve got a dangerous precedent.

Rogers: That’s exactly right. And when the next guy calls him up, he’s going to bail him out, too.

(Q): What do you think [former Fed Chairman] Paul Volcker thinks about all this?

Rogers: Well, Volcker has said it’s certainly beyond the scope of central banking, as he understands central banking.

(Q): That’s pretty darn clear.

Rogers: Volcker’s been very clear – very clear to me, anyway – about what he thinks of it, and Volcker was the last decent American central banker. We’ve had couple in our history: Volcker and William McChesney Martin were two.

You know, McChesney Martin was the guy who said the job of a good central banker was to take away the punchbowl when the party starts getting good. Now [the Fed] – when the party starts getting out of control – pours more moonshine in. McChesney Martin would always pull the bowl away when people started getting a little giggly. Now the party’s out of control.

(Q): This could be the end of the Federal Reserve, which we talked about in Singapore. This would be the third failure – correct?

Rogers: Yes. We had two central banks that disappeared for whatever reason. This one’s going to disappear, too, I say.

(Q): Throughout your career you’ve had a much-fabled ability to spot unique points in history – inflection points, if you will. Points when, as you put it, somebody puts money in the corner at which you then simply pick up.

Rogers: That’s the way to invest, as far as I’m concerned.

(Q): So conceivably, history would show that the highest returns go to those who invest when there’s blood in the streets, even if it’s their own.

Rogers: Right.

(Q): Is there a point in time or something you’re looking for that will signal that the U.S. economy has reached the inflection point in this crisis?

Rogers: Well, yeah, but it’s a long way away. In fact, it may not be in our lifetimes. Of course I covered my shorts – my financial shorts. Not all of them, but most of them last week.

So, if you’re talking about a temporary inflection point, we may have hit it.

If you look back at previous countries that have declined, you almost always see exchange controls – all sorts of controls – before failure. America is already doing some of that. America, for example, wouldn’t let the Chinese buy the oil company, wouldn’t let the [Dubai firm] buy the ports, et cetera.

But I’m really talking about full-fledged, all-out exchange controls. That would certainly be a sign, but usually exchange controls are not the end of the story. Historically, they’re somewhere during the decline. Then the politicians bring in exchange controls and then things get worse from there before they bottom.

Before World War II, Japan’s yen was two to the dollar. After they lost the war, the yen was 500 to the dollar. That’s a collapse. That was also a bottom.

These are not predictions for the U.S., but I’m just saying that things have to usually get pretty, pretty, pretty, pretty bad.

It was similar in the United Kingdom. In 1918, the U.K. was the richest, most powerful country in the world. It had just won the First World War, et cetera. By 1939, it had exchange controls and this is in just one generation. And strict exchange controls. They in fact made it an act of treason for people to use anything except the pound sterling in settling debts.

(Q): Treason? Wow, I didn’t know that.

Rogers: Yes…an act of treason. It used to be that people could use anything they wanted as money. Gold or other metals. Banks would issue their own currencies. Anything. You could even use other people’s currencies.

Things were so bad in the U.K. in the 1930s they made it an act of treason to use anything except sterling and then by ’39 they had full-exchange controls. And then, of course, they had the war and that disaster. It was a disaster before the war. The war just exacerbated the problems. And by the mid-70s, the U.K. was bankrupt. They could not sell long-term government bonds. Remember, this is a country that two generations or three generations before had been the richest most powerful country in the world.

Now the only thing that saved the U.K. was the North Sea oil fields, even though Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher likes to take credit, but Margaret Thatcher has good PR. Margaret Thatcher came into office in 1979 and North Sea oil started flowing. And the U.K. suddenly had a huge balance-of-payment surplus.

You know, even if Mother Teresa had come in [as prime minister] in ’79, or Joseph Stalin, or whomever had come in 1979 – you know, Jimmy Carter, George Bush, whomever – it still would’ve been great.

You give me the largest oil field in the world and I’ll show you a good time, too. That’s what happened.

(Q): What if Thatcher had never come to power?

Rogers: Who knows, because the U.K. was in such disastrous straits when she came in. And that’s why she came to power…because it was such a disaster. I’m sure she would’ve made things better, but short of all that oil, the situation would’ve continued to decline.

So it may not be in our lifetimes that we’ll see the bottom, just given the U.K.’s history, for instance.

(Q): That’s going to be terrifying for individual investors to think about.

Rogers: Yeah. But remember that America had such a magnificent and gigantic position of dominance that deterioration will take time. You know, you don’t just change that in a decade or two. It takes a lot of hard work by a lot of incompetent people to change the situation. The U.K. situation I just explained…that decline was over 40 or 50 years, but they had so much money they could have continued to spiral downward for a long time.

Even Zimbabwe, you know, took 10 or 15 years to really get going into it’s collapse, but Robert Mugabe came into power in 1980 and, as recently as 1995, things still looked good for Zimbabwe. But now, of course, it’s a major disaster.

That’s one of the advantages of Singapore. The place has an astonishing amount of wealth and only 4 million people. So even if it started squandering it in 2008, which they may be, it’s going to take them forever to do so.

(Q): Is there a specific signal that this is “over?”

Rogers: Sure…when our entire U.S. cabinet has Swiss bank accounts. Linked inside bank accounts. When that happens, we’ll know we’re getting close because they’ll do it even after it’s illegal – after America’s put in the exchange controls.

(Q): They’ll move their own money.

Rogers: Yeah, because you look at people like the Israelis and the Argentineans and people who have had exchange controls – the politicians usually figured it out and have taken care of themselves on the side.

(Q): We saw that in South Africa and other countries, for example, as people tried to get their money out.

Rogers: Everybody figures it out, eventually, including the politicians. They say: “You know, others can’t do this, but it’s alright for us.” Those days will come. I guess when all the congressmen have foreign bank accounts, we’ll be at the bottom.

But we’ve got a long way to go, yet.

[Editor’s note: After interviewing legendary investor Jim Rogers at his home in Singapore back in March, Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald caught up with Rogers again in July – this time in Vancouver, where both were speaking at the Agora Wealth Symposium. Rogers talked extensively about the ill-advised bailouts of Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the potentially ruinous fallout from the financial “Super Crash” that’s about to engulf the U.S. market. To find out how to get a report on the once-in-a-lifetime profit plays that will emanate from this so-called "SuperCrash" – and to also get a free copy of noted market analyst Peter D. Schiff’s New York Times bestseller "Crash Proof: How to Profit from the Coming Economic Collapse" – please click here. And look for Part 2 of Money Morning’s latest interview with Jim Rogers tomorrow (Wednesday).]

石油输出国或不减产 伦敦油价跌破100美元 2008/09/10 18:17:19

●南洋商报


(纽约10日讯)石油输出国组织(OPEC)会员国本周会议可能不会做出减产决议,纽约原油价格周二跌至5个月低点,北海布伦特原油期货价更一度跌破100美元关卡。


但是,随着石油输出国组织决定减产后,导致周三的油价亚洲电子交易反弹。

石油输出国组织周二晚间在维也纳总部举行会议。会前该组织成员国沙地阿拉伯和委内瑞拉的石油部长都表示,石油输出国组织可能维持原产量目标不变。

纽约原油10月期货价周二大跌3.08美元(10.65令吉),或2.9%,收每桶103.26美元(357.23令吉)。盘中一度触及101.74美元(351.97令吉),为今年4月2日以来最低。过去8个交易日中,7日油价都是下跌。

另外,北海布伦特原油10月期货价也大跌3%至98.94美元(342.28令吉)。该合约已连续9日下跌,跌势持续的时间为1988年以来最长。

减产决定使油价反弹

受石油输出国组织决定减产的影响,纽约市场基准原油期货价格在10日亚洲电子交易时段止跌回升。

在石油输出国组织宣布减产决定后半小时左右,纽约商品交易所10月份交货的轻质原油期货价格报每桶104.18美元(360.4令吉),比前一个交易日上涨92美分(3.18令吉)。

伦敦国际石油交易所10月份交货的北海布伦特原油期货价格报101.07美元(349.65令吉),上涨65美分(2.248令吉)。

Monday, September 8, 2008

罗杰斯 当别人都疯狂 你就应该卖出


如何才能成功地进行投资呢?为何在大多数人都没有发现投资机会的时候,精明的投资者会敏锐地捕捉到“金矿”的蛛丝马迹?


罗杰斯指出,从众心理让人们失去了判断能力,人们总是关注一些热门事物,对一些行情冷清的行业很少关注。

上世纪70年代初期,在量子基金从事研究工作的罗杰斯发现了一个有趣的现象,一家生产天然气钻井的公司自1956年至1971年连续15年亏损。

罗杰斯深入研究后发现当时整个行业都处于不景气状态。

“我去找那家公司的CEO,他看我非常年轻,直接劝我说,你还是不要投资了,这个行业没有希望。没人关注这个行业。”

长期亏损是个信号

但罗杰斯从公司长期亏损和产业供需失衡中看到了人们忽视的商机,量子基金直接投资了天然气开采。1973年,中东战争爆发后,量子基金从中盈利颇丰。

罗杰斯说,在市场中有很多人还不了解投资就直接“入市”,甚至出现市场越火爆进入的人越多的情况。

“当所有人都疯狂的时候,你必须保持冷静,你必须学会逆势投资;当人们惊慌失措、犹豫不决的时候,也许就是你买入的好时机。而当周围人疯狂的时候,包括德士司机都在告诉你买什么股票时,也许就是你应该卖出的时候了!”

“人们应该培训自己不随波逐流,要有自己的思想,无论周围是恐惧还是欣喜,你都要了解清楚为何会有这样的情况。”罗杰斯如此表述自己的投资“真经”。

投资真经

购买别人都不看好的股票一般不会错,虽然有时需要等上一段时间。

我在投资方面的成功,主要因为我买了价格非常低廉的股票,至少我觉得价格非常低廉。

牛市结束的信号是我们生活方式上一系列的基本变化。如1972年,石油从3美元一桶涨到34美元。欧洲国家开始使用核电站取代石油发电,北海和阿拉斯加的石油供应增加;到1978年,石油产量多年来第一次超过需求——这是主要的基本转变,是牛市结束发出的信号。

当你看到新闻头条上有关新的石油储层被发现,或者风车农场在主要城市突然出现;当你看到新的矿藏供应市场;当你发现所有商品的库存都在增加,这些就是基本转变——就是你把钱从商品投资中抽走的时候,牛市就会结束。

20世纪80年代和90年代是商品大熊市,很少有商品像近年这么便宜——当你比较一下消费者价格指数或者其他金融资产(如股票和债券)的价格的时候,你就会看到这一点。

亚洲经济持续增长,将带来世界范围所有商品需求的强劲增长。特别是中国,迅速从一个商品出口国变为商品进口国,需要大量消耗铁矿石、铜、石油、大豆和其他原材料。

从历史上看,商品价格与股票、债券等金融工具价格走向呈现负相关。股票价格下跌,商品价格就会上扬,反之亦然。那意味着如果你不投资商品,你就不是真正的多样化投资。

商品价格即使在经济倒退时也能上涨。

商品投资回报率增长速度,超过通货膨胀增长速度。

投资法则

量子基金创始人之一、环球旅行投资家吉姆罗杰斯言简意赅的投资哲理,都是感从心来、实践出真知。

勤奋

吉姆罗杰斯说:“我并不觉得自己聪明,但我确实非常、非常、非常勤奋地工作。如果你能非常努力地工作,也很热爱自己的工作,就有成功的可能”。

这一点,索罗斯也加以证实,索罗斯曾经透露:“罗杰斯是杰出的分析师,而且特别勤劳,一个人做六个人的工作”。

独立思考

吉姆罗杰斯说:“我总是发现自己埋头苦读很有用处。我发现,如果我只按照自己所理解的行事,既容易又有利可图,而不是要别人告诉我该怎么做。”

罗杰斯从来都不重视华尔街的证券分析家,他认为这些人随大流,而事实上没有人能靠随大流而发财。

“我可以保证,市场永远是错的。必须独立思考,必须抛开羊群心理。”

别进商学院

“学习历史和哲学吧,干什么都比进商学院好;当服务员,去远东旅行。”

罗杰斯在哥伦比亚经济学院教书时,总是对所有的学生说,不应该来读经济学院,这是浪费时间,因为算上机会成本。

读书期间要花掉大约10万美元,这笔钱与其用来上学,还不如用来投资做生意,虽然可能赚也可能赔,但无论赚赔都比坐在教室里两三年,听那些从来没有做过生意的“资深教授”对此大放厥词地空谈要学到的东西多。

绝不赔钱法则

“除非你真的了解自己在干什么,否则什么也别做。假如你在两年内靠投资赚了50%的利润,然而在第三年却亏了50%,那么,你还不如把资金投入国债市场。”

吉姆罗杰斯说,你应该耐心等待好时机,赚了钱获利了结,然后等待下一次的机会。如此,你才可以战胜别人。

“所以,我的忠告就是绝不赔钱,做自己熟悉的事,等到发现大好机会才投钱下去。”

价值投资法则

如果你是因为商品具有实际价值而买进,即使买进的时机不对,你也不至于遭到重大亏损。

“平常时间,最好静坐,愈少买卖愈好,永远耐心地等候投资机会的来临。我不认为我是一个炒家,我只是一位机会主义者,等候机会出现,在十足信心的情形下才出击。”罗杰斯如是说。

等待催化因素的出现

市场走势时常会呈现长期的低迷不振,为了避免使资金陷入如一潭死水的市场中,你就应该等待能够改变市场走势的催化因素出现。

静若处子法则

“投资的法则之一是袖手不管,除非真有重大事情发生。大部分的投资人总喜欢进进出出,找些事情做。他们可能会说‘看看我有多高明,又赚了3倍。’然后他们又去做别的事情,他们就是没有办法坐下来等待大势的自然发展。”

罗杰斯对“试试手气”的说法很不以为然。“这实际上是导致投资者倾家荡产的绝路。

若干在股市遭到亏损的人会说:‘赔了一笔,我一定要设法把它赚回来。’越是遭遇这种情况,就越应该平心静气,等到市场有新状况发生时才采取行动。”

对话录

关于投资

记者:你父母对你的投资理念有多大的影响?

罗杰斯:我父母对我的投资应该没有多大影响,他们对我投资没有任何建议。他们只是告诫我,赚钱不容易,要努力工作赚钱,拼命存钱。

我父母在人生的后半生才开始进行投资,对他们而言,要养育5个孩子已经很不容易了。

记者:6岁时,你如何想到要找父亲借钱买花生烘烤机的?谁给你这个建议的?

罗杰斯:5岁我就开始在棒球场工作。6岁我从祖父母那里回到父母所居住的城市,我看到很少有人卖可口可乐和花生,当时我父亲对我说,也许在棒球场卖点东西能赚点钱。于是我就找他借了100美元买了个二手的花生烘烤机,开始在棒球赛场卖一些饮料和花生。

关于失败

记者:能谈谈您投资生涯中失败的经历吗?您从中得到什么教训?

罗杰斯:我有很多失败的经历。第一个例子是在1980年,当时油价很高,我预测两伊之间不会有战争,结果很快他们就开火了,油价一下降到了10美元一桶。我当时是卖空,结果亏了不少钱。

其实,如果我当时注意研究一下,是可以提前预测到他们要打起来的,当时肯定会有人知道这方面的信息。

后来我迅速平了仓,这也是很错误的决定,如果我能坚持下去,情况就不一样了。

这告诉我,在投资的过程中肯定会有恐惧、惊慌,我也有过惊慌失措。人们应该在任何投资领域都不要惊慌,这是很重要的教训。但很多人并不明白,他们很容易受别人影响惊慌失措。

其实人生的经验和投资是一样的,做你了解的事情。投资也是这样,你必须很了解才能去做,否则肯定会失败。

简历

吉姆罗杰斯(Jim.Rogers)生于1942年,5岁时找到一份工作,在棒球场捡空瓶子。

长大后获得耶鲁大学奖学金,在耶鲁大学完成本科教育。后就读牛津大学的巴里奥学院。曾在美国陆军服役,退役后进入华尔街工作。

1970年与索罗斯创建量子基金,此后10年,该基金的投资收益达4200%,而同时期的标准普尔指数仅上涨不足50%。

罗杰斯37岁时决定退休,随后开始了骑摩托车周游116个国家的环球之旅。

除了继续经营自己的股票外,罗杰斯还兼任哥伦比亚大学商学院的教授,讲授金融课程。此外,他还在哥伦比亚广播公司和其他多家媒体担任节目主持人。

分享集: 优劣股何以各走极端?

●冯时能 股票研究人


假如你细读各报股票行情版的话,你一定会发现,在将近一千家上市公司中,股价的差异很大,由30、40令吉到3、5仙不等。


这种股价各走极端的现象,在70、80年代很少见到。那时即使公司亏蚀,股价也能站在30、50仙,因为那时盛行“后门上市”,即使公司的资产已亏光,但单单上市地位,仍有人愿意出价2000到3000万令吉加以收购控制,然后高价将私人的产业注入公司,以达到“借壳”上市的目的。所以,那个时候,股价跌至3、5仙仍无人问津的情况,很少出现。

到了80年代末期,当局发现,一些别有居心的企业界败类,藉着“后门上市”,将一些没有价值,或是估值过高的资产,以换股的方式注入上市公司,这些资产,并没有为公司带来预期的盈利。这些企业败类,只不过是利用上市的便利,炒高股价,以牟暴利,并非有意拯救失败的公司。这就说明了失败的上市公司,被注入资产后,仍无法起死回生的原因。

为了保护投资大众的利益,遏制企业败类损人利己的劣行,政府当局立法控制“借壳上市”的行为,挂牌公司的上市地位,再也不值钱。

在金融风暴发生以来,股市监管单位,决定将亏蚀殆尽,无法起死回生的上市公司,从股市除牌,上市地位根本就一文不值。

除牌股票变废纸

投资大众知道,不符合上市条例的公司有被除牌的危险,除牌之后,股票变成废纸。所以,他们对于有可能被除牌的公司,敬而远之,这就解释了,何以股价跌至3、5仙,仍无人问津的原因。

上市地位不值钱,只是失败公司股价跌至3、5仙的原因之一。以下是另一些导致劣股股价不振的原因。

第一个原因:大马的资本市场,已逐步的走向先进国家的路线。在先进国家,例如美国,股票投资者,超过50%购买单位信托,直接购买上市公司股票的比例在下降中,对股市影响最大的,不是上市公司的大股东,而是投资基金--单位信托。美国有超过5000家单位信托,基金所持股票,动辄以数百亿、数千亿美元计,他们的一举一动,对股市举足轻重。

近年来,大马的单位信托事业,成长迅速,而且在不断膨胀中,这些基金,雇有专才,管理他们的股票组合。他们不断的在寻找值得投资的股票。问题是,在大马的近千家上市公司中,业绩表现良好,受基金青睐的股票,只不过20%、30%,其他70%、80%,根本就不值得他们投资。

单位信托基金越来越大,对优质股票的需求越来越多,而优秀公司难找,他们在收购了优质股之后,就不肯轻易脱售。如此一来,优质股票变成奇货可居,优质股一旦暴跌,基金就会乘机吸购,优质股的跌幅,不如劣质股那么惨,原因在此。

估值过高会下跌

当然,在一个如目前的熊市中,优质股也会下跌,但优质股之下跌,是因为价值被高估,藉股市下跌而下调至更合理的水平,并非因为公司业务出现问题,只要公司业绩继续上升,股价就有希望回升,投资者仍有希望回本。

劣股的下跌,一方面是因为股市下跌,另一方面,而且更严重的,是公司业绩走下坡。除非公司业绩有改善,高价买进此类股票的投资者,很难回本。

在单位信托基金对优质股需求殷切,而股市中优质股供应越来越少的情况下,优质股将长期站稳高价,劣股因无人问津,必然长期不振。第二板许多劣股长期气息奄奄,可为明证。

第二个原因:大马投资大众对股票的认识和知识,越来越高,他们越来越重视公司的业绩表现,对于长期没有业绩表现的股票,弃之如敝履。更多人觉醒,投机不可能致富,要致富,必须买好股作长期投资。对优质股需求日增,也是优质股股价高企不落的原因之一。

第三个原因:国际热钱的购买对象,基本上也是集中在票源多的好股,故好股永远有人买,劣股则长期无人问津。

差距会继续扩大

纵观以上原因,我们可以达致一个结论:优劣股股价各走极端的现象,不但将持续下去,而且差距会继续扩大。

Friday, September 5, 2008

新巴菲特传记的背后故事




今秋 最值得期待的图书之一要属《滚雪球:沃伦·巴菲特和他的财富人生》(The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life)。该书的出版商Bantam花720万美元买下了北美区版权,期待这本9月29日上市的传记能卖出100多万册精装本。



ABACAUSA/Newscom
沃伦·巴菲特,照片摄于2008年巴 菲特是目前世界上最富有的人之一,资产估计高达620亿美元。很少有金融投资家能像巴菲特那样引起公众如此广泛而持久的兴趣。R.R. Bowker旗下的Books in Print 称目前市面上约有60本关于巴菲特的书,今年还会有十多本要出版。眼下Bantam要看看'巴菲特热'是否有到头的时候。

令爱丽丝·施罗 德 (Alice Schroeder)撰写的这本《滚雪球》与众不同的是,巴菲特本人同意跟这位初次写作的作者合作。施罗德称,巴菲特向她开放了两个大档案室,里面保存了 他的投资材料、信件和个人感兴趣的主题的资料。施罗德又称,巴菲特还给她提供了一封确认两人合作关系的信,她在采访时可以向受访者出示该信。

施 罗德初次见巴菲特是上世纪90年代末,那时她在Paine Webber任分析师,负责分析伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司(Berkshire Hathaway)。这位作者称在撰书的过程中花了约2 000个小时跟巴菲特在一起,录制了300个小时的访谈。巴菲特任董事长的伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司位于奥马哈,是一个拥有大量保险控股的集团。


Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images
1980年时的巴菲特据称巴菲特曾说:“人生就像滚雪球,重要的是找到很湿的雪和很长的坡。”书名就来源于此。

一 些出版商估计Bantam要卖出60至70万册才能赢利。培生(Pearson PLC)旗下的企鹅集团 (Penguin Group)属下的Portfolio商务出版社的出版人阿德里安·扎克海姆(Adrian Zackheim)指出,这本书的业绩如何要看这位77岁的投资人多大程度上配合推广,以及“他多大程度上承认该书的准确性”。(扎克海姆仔细地读过这本 书的手稿,最后决定不参加最后的竞标)

这是个难以回答的问题,因为巴菲特目前没有为《滚雪球》做推广的计划。巴菲特的一个助理在电子邮件中称巴菲特“目前不接受有关此书的采访”。

据 知情人士透露,巴菲特最初对书中提及的一些内容不太高兴。这些内容跟他的第一次婚姻有关。巴菲特的第一任妻子苏珊(Susan)1977年离开他,搬到旧 金山,但两人一直没有离婚。在苏珊的鼓励下,奥马哈一家法式餐厅的女招待阿斯特里德·门克斯(Asrid Menks)最终搬去和巴菲特同住。苏珊2004年去世后,门克斯和巴菲特结婚。

这 个问题以前也被公开讨论过,特别是在罗杰·洛温斯坦(Roger Lowenstein)1995年出版的《巴菲特传:一个美国资本家的成长》(Buffett: The Making of an American Capitalist)一书中,书中说三人相处得不错。洛温斯坦曾在《华尔街日报》任记者。

巴菲特的一名助理在一封邮件中说到,巴菲特表示,说他因为对书中内容不满意而减少推广支持的说法并不属实。

施罗德称,巴菲特对于她在书中揭示他私人生活的这个部分表示理解。“他说我可以采访任何我想采访的人,”她说。

但不清楚的是,巴菲特是否想到施罗德会找出并采访那么多了解苏珊·巴菲特生平的人。施罗德说:他说过想调和自己的公众角色和私人角色。他知道我喜欢刨根问底。


UPI/Newscom
今年7月,巴菲特与比尔·盖茨坐在一起施罗德承认巴菲特对手稿中读到的一些内容有异议,但她又说,巴菲特并没有要求她删减任何部分。施罗德补充说,我书中所有重要的材料都有多个消息来源。

在以前的一封邮件中,巴菲特说:“我对这本书没有意见,希望它能畅销。书中的我比现实中的我要好,不过我愿意朝那个方向调整自己。”巴菲特的一名助理称这本书会在公司明年5月的股东大会上销售,“销量应该会很高”。

有 些出版商不知道巴菲特不出席早间谈话节目推广这本书是否会是个问题。前通用电气首席执行长(General Electric Co.)杰克·韦尔奇(Jack Welch)在类似的节目上不知疲倦地推销他在2001年出版的《杰克·韦尔奇自传》(Straight from the Gut)。这本书虽然正好在9·11袭击当天出版,但销量未受太大影响。备受华尔街和非金融界人士推崇的巴菲特甚少在公众面前亮相,若他在电视和电台做宣 传必会吸引无数眼球。


Associated Press
2008年6月,巴菲特受邀在德州游侠队
对堪萨斯皇家队的比赛上开球桦榭(Lagardere SCA's Hachette Livre)旗下Business Plus公司的出版人兼主编里克·沃尔夫(Rick Wolff)说:沃伦显然授权她写这本书,这非常不同寻常。很多钱被花在了这本书上。

贝 塔斯曼(Bertelsmann AG)麾下的Bantam Dell Publishing Group的出版人欧文·阿普尔鲍姆(Irwyn Applebaum)称,巴菲特从未许诺会参与推广这本书。他说:巴菲特让作者接触他的熟人、朋友,给她机会了解他,这是这本书的特别之处,我们希望巴菲 特为这本书接受采访吗?谁不希望呢?不过我们在按计划操作。施罗德已经接受NBC邀请,定于9月29日接受《今天》(Today)节目采访。

施 罗德是科班出身的公共会计师,2003年时是摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)颇受好评的保险业分析师。得到巴菲特对这本书的合作支持之后,她请假全职写书--不过她仍任公司的顾问董事。当她的决定在华尔街上传开之 后,好几位出版人跟她接触。有朋友建议她跟代理人大卫·布莱克(David Black)合作,布莱克代理的畅销书作者中包括米奇·阿尔博姆(Mitch Albom)和埃里克·拉森(Eric Larson)。

施罗德在谈到巴菲特时说:人们把他分割成细小的角色切片:投资人、公司经理,等等。我过去认为,这个人用一种统一的方式看待一切事情。这是一整套的理念。正确的书应该回答这样一个问题:生活中的什么事件造就了这个男人并影响了他?


《滚雪球》的封面2005 年秋天,布莱克向纽约多个出版商提交了一份160页的建议书,最先回应的两位热切的出版人分别是Bantam的阿普尔鲍姆和贝塔斯曼旗下的兰登书屋 (Random House Publishing Group)出版人吉纳·森特雷罗(Gina Centrello)。两人都被要求单独飞往奥马哈面见巴菲特。“他要这些从未谋面的出版社保证不会在推广这本书的时候把他宣传成半个作者,不做不实的声 明,”51岁的施罗德说。

最终胜出的阿普尔鲍姆拒绝对《滚雪球》的内容进行评论。他指出,现在新书市场的竞争激烈残酷,但又补充说:有些书的销售一周比一周旺,这是我们对这本书的期待。Bantam拒绝提供样书。

很多人相信《滚雪球》会大热。美国最大的图书零售商Barnes & Noble Inc.的商务书采购员戴夫·哈撒韦(Dave Hathaway)说:这将是我们今年最重头的图书。巴菲特身上笼罩着一层神秘色彩,他是最后一位名副其实的商界偶像。

Tuesday, September 2, 2008

巴菲特看好中国股市 欲5亿美元投资遭拒绝


来源:人民网 责编:李志勇


中广网北京8月26日消息 在浓烈的北京奥运氛围中,“股神”沃伦·巴菲特22日在接受美国CNBC电视台采访时,再三谈到对中国行情的看好。

  巴菲特透露,不久前他曾报价5亿美元想购买一只中国股票,但是遭到拒绝。巴菲特没有透露这只股票的名称和行业,但肯定地说,“这是一笔非常棒的交易,在环境适合的时候,你会看到我们在那里大规模投资。”

  他特别提到因为目前中国的外资政策限制,还不能在中国内地随意购买股票。此前,巴菲特也是5亿美元入股中石油,获利35亿美元后,潇洒抽身。

  这次采访是CNBC的“SQUAWK BOX”栏目8月22日在伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司(Berkshire Hathaway)的总部所在地奥马哈进行的,采访持续了3个小时。

  不担心中国前景

  谈到在中国的投资前景,巴菲特提到,他的Iscar大连公司开业差不多一年了,工程进展迅速。“但我更喜欢购买证券,及购买我喜欢的公司,两件事情我都可能做。如果我们在未来几年在那里无所作为,我会很惊讶。”巴菲特说。

  2007年,巴菲特带领他所投资的以色列切割刀具公司Iscar在大连投资了2785万美元,用以开设大连公司,目标是成为亚洲最大的宇航及汽车工业专用刀具生产基地。

  很多经济学家担心,中国随着全球经济增长减慢,发展速度也会放缓。但巴菲特丝毫没有这样的担忧,认为中国的经济会发展得不错。

  巴菲特认为未来10年、20年内,中国和印度将在现在的基础上取得长足的发展。“所以,我真的不是非常担心它们未来的发展是否将会遇到突然的干扰或其他,我也无法预测。如果我能预测,我仍然希望能以适当的价格,在适当的时候收购一些好的企业。”

  “谁知道中国经济是否会过热、通胀严重或其他什么问题?”巴菲特强调他不担心不重要和不可知的事情。中国和美国一样,未来半年或一年发生什么真的并不重要,关键是未来10年会发生什么。

  “我们要让事情变好,而事实是,中国会做得更好。因为他们起步较低,但是在过去的20年学到了大量的商业智慧,以及如何释放人的潜能。后面这一点美国较早前就学会了,但中国正在非常非常快速地掌握。”他说。

  奥运期间,他并没有来到中国,而是守在电视机前,听别人解说赛况。谈到奥运,巴菲特说:“在奥运会之前我就相信中国,而且他们也的确呈现了一场精彩绝伦的奥运盛会。他们有一群非常非常聪明的人,他们十分认真地要办一届精彩盛会,他们必将完成任务。”

  记者问他,既然如此看好中国的情景,是否也在考虑现阶段有必要尝试学习普通话了。巴菲特幽默地说:“不,不,我甚至不会去尝试吃中国菜。如果我不能在中国找到个麦当劳解决问题,我就很麻烦了。”

  华尔街成“裸泳者的海滩”

  在这场对巴菲特的采访前夜,一部名为《I.O.U.S.A.》的纪录片在全美公映。影片提醒美国人,如果美国联邦政府背负的53万亿美元债务继续“滚雪球”,一场经济灾难将会降临美国。

  这部纪录片由黑石创始人皮特·彼得森投资拍摄,巴菲特在其中接受了访谈。纪录片片名由I.O.U.和U.S.A.两节叠加而成,前一节I.O.U.系英文“我欠你”发音简写,意为“借据”;后一节U.S.A.系“美利坚合众国”缩写,特指美国联邦政府。

  在接受CNBC采访时,巴菲特说,他并不同意影片中的很多结论,但他赞同在大选之前来考虑这些问题。

  “我曾说过只有当潮水退去,你才知道谁在裸泳。”巴菲特说,“好了,现在我们看到华尔街简直成了各式各样裸泳者的海滩。”

  美国的次贷危机随着今年6月、7月的房屋抵押贷款重构越来越深,并且有进一步蔓延到信用卡领域的可能。巴菲特认为,这场危机正在变得更长和更深,但谁也不知道什么时候会好转。“从现在起未来5年美国经济可能会好一些,但最近5个月不一定。”

  次贷危机的余波将继续给金融业和整个经济带来困难。他说,他本人领导的投资公司伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的房产开发业务也因面临融资问题而进程放缓。

  谈及“两房”时,巴菲特表示,房利美和房地美两家住房抵押贷款融资大户因为太大而不会轻易破产,但这并不意味着这两家公司的股票持有者能保住收益。他预言,鉴于房利美和房地美存在的问题正在不断加剧,联邦政府最终将不得不出手援助。

  “房地美曾宣称是稳定的,房利美曾说他们每年利润将增加15%。”巴菲特说,“任何大型金融机构如果这样告诉你们,那他们一定是想欺骗你(giving you a line of baloney)。”

  巴菲特还抨击了政府对于房利美和房地美的监管。“1992年国会专门成立了OFHEO,用来监管房利美和房地美。这个拥有200名员工和每年8000万美元预算的机构,每年写100页的报告来说这两个公司是如何的好。但当事情爆发后,他们写了340~350页的报告来检查哪里出了问题,他们抱怨管理层,抱怨主管、审计机构,但他们就是不说自己的问题。”

  另外,巴菲特还认为,未来将会有更多的银行破产,尤其是那些深陷房地产领域的银行。不过,联邦储蓄保险公司可为银行储户提供存款保险将防止银行出现挤兑。

  在谈到投资方面时,巴菲特指出,从另一个角度看,美国经济目前的困境为投资者创造了更好的投资机会,因为美国公司和企业的股票比一年前“更具吸引力”。

  巴菲特在访谈中还称,已有人邀请伯克希尔·哈撒韦做大规模交易。还有更多人恳请伯克希尔·哈撒韦收购困境中的企业。巴菲特称其最近数月增持了美国运通或富国银行股份,但未指明是哪一家。丛玫(来源:第一财经日报)

分享集: 死海游泳记

冯时能 股票研究人


我年轻时健康并不好,很容易生病,谢天谢地,如今年近古稀,身体反而硬朗,也很少生病,此皆拜长期游泳之赐。


游泳是我的嗜好之一,也是我坚持的生活日课,即使在旅途中,只要酒店有游泳池,也不放过游泳的机会。

最近游约旦,到了死海,自然不肯错过这千载难逢的下海良机。

死海是世界名海之一,相信不少人曾到此观光,但真正在死海游泳的人,恐怕就不多。

死海其实是一个大湖,距离约旦首都安曼约55公里,由约旦和以色列共同拥有,各占一半湖面。

这个湖长67公里,阔18公里,湖最深处达330公尺(约1000英尺)。由北向南流的约旦河注入死海,死海没有出口,四周是沙漠。

死海之得名,恐怕也不是由于没有出口,而是由于海水咸度比普通海水高8.6倍,没有任何生命可以在含盐量这么高的海水中生存。

约旦河的鱼,顺流而下,误入死海,立刻死亡,尸体被冲至岸边,晒乾后裹着一层白盐,是名副其实的“咸鱼”,“死海”名不虚传。

我们在上午九时许到达死海,我换上泳装,就步入海中,要在死海中一展身手,焉知甫入海中,就叫苦连天。

由于含盐量高,我老早就知道,人在死海中,绝对不会下沉,却没想到,一般的游泳技术,在死海中根本没有用武之地。

原来海水的浮力奇大,人在海中,整个身体都被海水推上海面,平躺在海面上,不要说潜水,即使自由式和蛙式也派不上用场,因为海水太咸,头部一沉入水中,鼻孔和眼睛奇痛无比,根本受不了。我企图把头伸出海面,但海水马上把我的下半身也推上海面,头部根本无法保持在水面上。为了避免鼻孔和眼睛沾到海水而疼痛,唯一的方法,是面向天空,平躺在海面上。

在死海仰泳是唯一可用的游泳法。即使你不会游泳,也可以躺在海面上看报纸。

在死海中游泳一小时,没感受游泳之乐,但毕竟是毕生难忘的经历。

掉进死海,即使不会游泳,也绝对不会溺毙,因为含盐量高的海水有一种力量,一定会把你推上海面。

我觉得,股票投资亦如此。

基本面强的投票,有如含盐量高的死海海水,浮力奇强。

一如不会游泳的人不会溺毙于死海,购买基本面强的股票的投资者,即使经验不足,也不会溺毙于“股海”。

购买基本面弱的劣股,有如在没有浮力的普通海水中游泳,随时有溺毙海中的危险。

即使游泳健将,也可能葬身海底,因为海上风大浪高,人微力弱,根本无法与大自然的力量对抗。

永不投机散户生存

在股海中,泳技不如人的散户,要战胜滔天巨浪,难乎其难!

散户唯一的生存机会,就是永不投机,只在低价时购买五星级股票,长期持有。

就好像不会游泳的人,只有在浮力奇强的死海,才有可能生存,若自视过高,企图通过猜测股市动向而抢进杀出,最后必饮恨股海。

死海海水的浮力跟含盐量成正比。

股海的浮力,跟基本面的强度成正比。